Tag Archives: microbes

The (not so) Great Dying; Permian extinctions

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Ernst Haekel's lithograph of Rugose corals

The great end of Permian extinction

It seems that global catastrophes and the ensuing mass extinction of all manner of life-forms, asteroid impacts and Dinosaurs immediately come to mind, were made for Popular Science.  Even Hollywood is in on the act.  Perhaps it’s because, in the telling, they appeal to some innate sense of nihilism, a bit like the existential threats that politicians trot out from time to time.

A recent scientific paper by Steven Stanley published by the US National Academy of Sciences, provides some good news on this score; past estimates of life forms snuffed out by such global events, have been exaggerated.  Stanley’s reassessment accounts for the fact that extinctions are taking place all the time, in the background, and that these individual, long-term biotic events need to be subtracted from the total species loss resulting from some catastrophe.  Continue reading

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Out of Sight but no longer out of mind; Hidden sources of carbon dioxide and methane

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Emma Fiord, 1987, with lots of sea ice

With the general emphasis on carbon emissions from fossil fuels and the ensuing discussions on climate change, we tend to forget some of the natural sources of greenhouse gases that continually leak carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) into the oceans and atmosphere.  Two such sources are gas hydrates beneath the sea floor and permafrost.  Both sequester carbon, but the sequestration is rather tenuous; both can easily be disturbed by natural and anthropogenic processes.

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