About

Why I do this – about this website

I have been having fun with geology since 1969 – the year I learned there was such a thing.  I was beginning my BSc at Auckland University, New Zealand majoring in chemistry and in the first term (now called semester) I needed an additional paper.  A friend suggested I might find geology interesting; you know rocks, fossils and the like.  I’ve never looked back.  My career has spanned research, teaching and consulting.  It has always been fun (albeit hard work).  I’ve worked in places that were in my dreams, and met thousands of people along the way.

A geological life – if you would like to know a bit more about where I’ve come from and where I’ve been.

I hope to share some of this enthusiasm with the posts on this website .  Most are intended for undergraduate geology – Earth science students, as school teaching resources. These posts are catalogued under the banner:

How to – A virtual classroom

The other posts are basically a contribution to SCICOMM  for anyone wanting a bit of background on various geological topics.

Most articles are based on my own experience in Earth Sciences that, over the last 50 odd years has focused on sedimentary rocks; how they formed, what they represent as a record of ancient environments through deep time,  and how they can be viewed as part of an evolving physical world and the evolving human understanding or appreciation of that world. Sedimentary rocks do not form in a vacuum, and so there are the inevitable forays into structural geology, tectonics, climate, and planetary geology.

Axel Heiberg fieldwork

The study of sedimentary rocks, or sedimentology, is a branch of Earth Sciences that in turn is an important component of the whole scientific edifice.   No part of science is conducted in a vacuum, divorced from society; what scientist do, how they do it and what they discover impacts us all in one way or another.  Some of the posts may dwell on these social contexts.

 

I do this for the love of it. I do not receive any remuneration for the site (and I don’t advertise). The website (www.geological-digressions.com) is not attached or beholden to any organization.

A number of colleagues have kindly donated images for certain categories of posts. They are all acknowledged, usually in the caption to an image. They are also acknowledged on a Contributors Page.

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Conjugate fractures and en echelon tension gashes – indicators of brittle failure in Old Red Sandstone, Gougane Barra, County Cork, Ireland.
Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria
A montage of stress transformation paraphernalia and rock deformation
Mohr circles and stress transformation
The Marlborough strike-slip fault array extends north from the dextral Alpine Fault transform; faults continue across Cook Strait to join the North Island Dextral Fault Belt in the Wellington region (central Aotearoa New Zealand). In Marlborough and beneath Cook Strait there are several pull-apart basins formed at releasing bend stepovers. Sandbox analogue models can help us decipher the mechanical and kinematic processes that produce structures like these. Base image from NASA – International Space Station 2003.
Strike-slip analogue models
Scaled sand-box experiments are an ideal medium to observe rock deformation that, in this example, involves synkinematic deposition during rift-like crustal extension. The choice of model materials, in addition to imposed boundary conditions such as strain rates, will determine the outcome of the experiment. Dry sand was chosen for this model because its brittle behaviour under the model conditions is a good representation of natural rock failure. Diagram modified slightly from Eisenstadt and Sims, 2005, Figure 3a.
Analogue structure models: Scaling the materials
The relationship between inertial and gravitational forces expressed by the Froude number (Fr) is reflected by the changes in surface flows and the formation-decay of stationary (standing) waves. Fr < 1 reflects subcritical (tranquil) flow; Fr>1 supercritical flow. Although the Froude number can be determined experimentally, it can also be eased out of a dimensional analysis of the relevant hydrodynamic variables.
Model dimensions and dimensional analysis
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