Stratigraphic surfaces in outcrop – baselevel rise
Outcrop expression of maximum regressive, maximum flooding, and ravinement surfaces Six stratigraphic surfaces define the important boundaries of stratigraphic sequences […]
Interpreting ancient environments
Stratigraphic surfaces in outcrop – baselevel fall
Outcrop expression of subaerial unconformities and regressive surfaces of marine erosion Six stratigraphic surfaces define the important boundaries of stratigraphic
Pyroclastic surges and base surges
Pyroclastic surges, are dilute, ground-hugging turbulent flows of hot, juvenile volcanic particles and a fluid phase of superheated steam and
Accretionary aggregates and accretionary lapilli
I have been under the (mistaken) impression that accretionary aggregates, including accretionary lapilli, are occasional odd-ball structures borne of explosive
Block and ash flows
Block and ash flows – a hot pyroclastic flows that transport big chunks of rock Block and ash flows (BAFs)
Ignimbrites in outcrop and thin section
Ignimbrite is a rock name. Ignimbrites form primarily from the collapse of eruption columns during explosive volcanism and are included
Glauconite in thin section
Glauconite – an important stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental indicator Glauconite is one of the most recognizable minerals in the entire sediment
Carbonates in thin section: Forams and sponges
Two important contributors to bioclastic limestones – foram tests and skeletal sponge spicules Foraminifera Foraminifera (forams) are single celled,
Carbonates in thin section: Bryozoans
Bryozoa – are a complex but important group of reef and non-reef invertebrates and contributors to bioclastic sediment. Bryozoa
Carbonates in thin section: Echinoderms and barnacles
Echinoderms and barnacles are important contributors to bioclastic limestones Echinoids are a diverse phylum with a geological history dating back